bzip2 compression

to extract in from .bz2 , use below
bzip2 -cd files.tar.bz2 | tar xvf -

and to compress into .bz2 , use below
bzip2 -cd files.tar.bz2 | tar tvf -

Setting up PostgreSQL on Solaris

Setting up PostgreSQL on Solaris

PostgreSQL is bundled with Solaris 10 and is available from the primary OpenSolaris IPS repository.

To check if PostgreSQL is installed in your Solaris instance you can use the following command:

$ svcs "*postgres*"

STATE          STIME    FMRI

disabled       Feb_16   svc:/application/database/postgresql:version_81

disabled       16:11:25 svc:/application/database/postgresql:version_82

Install Required Packages

If you don't see any PosgreSQL instance in your Solaris box then proceed and install the following packages (the list may actually change over time):

• SUNWpostgr
• SUNWpostgr-contrib
• SUNWpostgr-devel
• SUNWpostgr-docs
• SUNWpostgr-jdbc
• SUNWpostgr-libs
• SUNWpostgr-pl
• SUNWpostgr-server
• SUNWpostgr-server-data
• SUNWpostgr-tcl

Check if PostgreSQL SMF Services are Configured

After installation, SMF services should be listed by (the output may depend on the actual PostgreSQL version you installed):

$ svcs "*postgres*"

STATE          STIME    FMRI

disabled       Feb_16   svc:/application/database/postgresql:version_81

disabled       16:11:25 svc:/application/database/postgresql:version_82

On Solaris, PostgreSQL is managed by the SMF framework. If you're curious you can check the service manifest at /var/svc/manifest/application/database/postgresql.xml and the service methods at /lib/svc/method/postgresql. Many important parameters are stored in the service configuration file (postgresql.xml): if you want to change some parameters (such as PostgreSQL data directory) you must use svccfg to edit the service configuration.

PostgreSQL and RBAC

PostgreSQL on Solaris uses RBAC to give users permissions over the database instance. When you install Solaris' PostgreSQL packages an RBAC role is setup for you:

[/etc/passwd]
postgres:x:90:90:PostgreSQL Reserved UID:/:/usr/bin/pfksh

This user is setup as an RBAC role in /etc/user_attr file:

[/etc/user_attr]

postgres::::type=role;profiles=Postgres Administration,All

Permission for the Postgres Administration profiles are setup in the /etc/security/exec_attr file:

[/etc/security/exec_attr]

Postgres Administration:solaris:cmd:::/usr/postgres/8.2/bin/initdb:uid=postgres

Postgres Administration:solaris:cmd:::/usr/postgres/8.2/bin/ipcclean:uid=postgres

Postgres Administration:solaris:cmd:::/usr/postgres/8.2/bin/pg_controldata:uid=postgres

Postgres Administration:solaris:cmd:::/usr/postgres/8.2/bin/pg_ctl:uid=postgres

Postgres Administration:solaris:cmd:::/usr/postgres/8.2/bin/pg_resetxlog:uid=postgres

Postgres Administration:solaris:cmd:::/usr/postgres/8.2/bin/postgres:uid=postgres

Postgres Administration:solaris:cmd:::/usr/postgres/8.2/bin/postmaster:uid=postgres

Starting PostgreSQL

You can start PostgreSQL using the following SMF command from an account with the appropriate privileges:

$ su - postgres

$ svcadm enable svc:/application/database/postgresql:version_82

Initial Configuration

By default, PostgreSQL is configured to trust all of the local users. That's not a good practice because all your local users may connect to PostgreSQL as a superuser. The first to do is setting up a password for the postgres user:

$ psql -U postgres

postgres=# alter user postgres with password 'your-password';

Exit psql with the \q command and change the /var/postgres/8.2/data/pg_hba.conf file to set an appropriate authentication method and change the following line:

[/var/postgres/8.2/data/pg_hba.conf]

local all all trust

with, for example:

[/var/postgres/8.2/data/pg_hba.conf]

local all all md5

Next time you connect, PostgreSQL will be asking you for the user password. Now, let's refresh the PostgreSQL service so that PostgreSQL will receive a SIGHUP signal an re-read the pg_hba.conf file:

$ svcadm refresh svc:/application/database/postgresql:version_82

Done!

You're now running a PostgreSQL instance on your Solaris box ready to be given to your database administrator, ready for production use.

terminal server has exceeded the maximum number of allowed connections

once time uou'll get the message "The terminal server has exceeded the maximum number of allowed connections" when you try to log on to a shared server through Remote Desktop.

to fix this problem , you have to run this command:

Windows 7/2008 Server:

mstsc.exe /admin /v:server_name   or   mstsc.exe /admin /v:server_ip_addr

Windows 2003 server:

mstsc.exe /console /v:yourservername    or   mstsc.exe /admin /v:server_ip_addr

 you can also experiment with this command
qwinsta /server:servername.domain
logoff /server:servername.domain

How to delete the contents of the Temporary Internet Files folder

The Temporary Internet Files (or cache) folder is used by Windows Internet Explorer and by MSN Explorer to store webpage content on the computer hard disk for quick viewing. This cache lets Internet Explorer or MSN Explorer download only the content that has changed since you last viewed a webpage, instead of downloading all the content every time that the page is displayed.

To delete the files in the Temporary Internet Files folder for you, jut follow this steps :
Windows 7 and Windows Vista

1. Click Start
   
   , click Control Panel, click Network and Internet, and then click Internet Options.
2. Click the General tab, and then click Delete under Browsing history.
3. Click Delete all, click Yes to confirm that you want to delete this information, and then click OK

Earlier versions of Windows

1. Exit Internet Explorer.
2. Exit any instances of Windows Explorer.
3. Click Start, click Control Panel, and then double-click Internet Options.
4. On the General tab, click Delete Files under Temporary Internet Files.
5. In the Delete Files dialog box, click to select the Delete all offline content check box.
6. Click OK two times.

Change Logo on Nagios

you can change your nagios logo site application on your nagios server installed
just go to the "/usr/local/nagios/share/images"
the default main logo of nagios is file with name "sblogo.png"
if you don't want to complicated just put image with same size and replace "sblogo.png" with your new custom picture

Solaris System Administrator Notes

ADD STATIC ROUTE IN UNIX SOLARIS
#route add net 28.133.0.0/18 172.24.105.1
-add the route accross reboot-
#vi /etc/rc2.d/S69static_routes

ODS

# metastat|grep -i maint
# metastat -p (to check the controller where metadevices are originally mounted)
# format (to check the current controller)
# metastat |grep -i replace (to check the metadevices to be replaced)
(and then do the replacement)
# metareplace d0 c2t0d0s0 c1t0d0s0 (note that c1 is the new controller)
# metadb -a -c3 /dev/dsk/c1t0d0s3 (create meta database for the new controller c1)
# metastat | grep resync
# while true
>do
>metastat | grep resync
>sleep 1
>done


RSH

Enable rsh in Solaris 10
# svcadm enable svc:/network/login:rlogin
# svcadm enable svc:/network/login:rlogin

Enable rsh in solaris 8
# vi /etc/inetd.conf
- uncomment
shell stream tcp nowait root /usr/sbin/in.rshd in.rshd
- restart inetd daemon
# pkill -HUP inetd

AUTOFS

- check the files /etc/auto_master and /etc/auto.dumps file
- once changes made, u need to do 'automount -v' to pickup the config files
- on the client share the filesystem
# share -F nfs -o ro /dumps
- edit /etc/dfs/dfstab
# share -F nfs -o ro /dumps
- restart nfs
# svcadm restart nfs/server
# dfshares or exportfs (to verify nfs shares)

NFS

- mount the dir
# mount -F nfs hkgfiler2:/remedy /opt/ar/directa

- edit /etc/vfstab to mount it upon boot up
hkgfiler2:/remedy - /opt/ar/directa nfs yes rw,soft



NTP

# svcadm disable ntp
# cp /etc/inet/ntp.client /etc/inet/ntp.conf (and type-in ntp servers)
e.g.

server hkgba00001
server hkgba00002

#ntpdate -d
#svcadm enable svc:/network/ntp

DU

Check for Top directory users
# du -sk /export/home/* | sort –nr

TAR

Un-tar tar.gz file IN SOLARIS
gunzip -c file_name.tar.gz |tar xvf –
or

# gzip -d snap_sol10.tar.gz
# tar xf snap_sol10.tar


Create tar file
tar cvf dir.tar

Create create .gz
#gzip dir.tar


HBA

Check HBA info:
# fcinfo hba-port

NIC

Check network interface
# cat /etc/path_to_inst
# grep bge path_to_inst
"/pci@1f,700000/network@2" 0 "bge"
"/pci@1f,700000/network@2,1" 1 "bge"
"/pci@1d,700000/network@2" 2 "bge"
"/pci@1d,700000/network@2,1" 3 "bge"

Change network interface to auto neg “on”
# vi /platform/sun4u/kernel/drv/bge.conf

Check for network collision
# netstat –i

EEPROM

Disable system check during reboot
# eeprom diag-switch? False


PKGADD

To add a package
# pkgadd –d .

REXEC

Disable rexec in Solaris 8
# vi /etc/inetd.conf
- comment out
exec stream tcp nowait root /usr/sbin/tcpd in.rexecd
exec stream tcp6 nowait root /usr/sbin/tcpd in.rexecd

- then restart inetd daemon
# pkill -HUP inetd

SWAP

- create local swap area - in kilobytes(k), blocks(b) or megabytes (m)
# mkfile 1024m /new_swap (create 1GB swap)
- activate the swap area
# swap –a /new_swap
- verify
# swap –l

LOCALE

- set system-wide locale
# vi /etc/TIMEZONE

- set user locale
# vi .profile

LVM (Logical Volume Management)

- install lvm software
- partition disks
# fdisk partition (e.g. /dev/sdb1)

- create physical volumes
# pvcreate /dev/sdb1
# pvcreate /dev/sdc1
# pvcreate /dev/sdd1
# pvscan

- create volume group and make it available
# vgcreate /dev/sdb1 /dev/sdc1 /dev/sdd1
# vgchange –a y
# vgdisplay
# lvcreate –-size 3493G –-name
# lvdisplay
# mount /dev/

- rename a logical volume group
# vgdisplay –v
# vgchange –a n /dev/
# vgrename /dev/ /dev/
# vgchange –a y /dev/
# vgdisplay –v
# vgdisplay –v ext

- rename a logical volume
# lvdisplay /dev/ext/
# lvrename /dev/ext/ /dev/ext/
# lvdisplay /dev/ext/

- make a filesystem on the disk
# mkfs.xfs –f /dev/fhome/fanhome
# mount /dev/fhome/fanhome /home
# mount –t xfs /dev/ext/nfsdata /mnt

- add a new drive to a volume group
# vgdisplay –v (check active disks)
# fdisk to create partition
# umount /bak/backups (filesystem to extend)
# pvcreate /dev/sdf1 (prepare new partition)
# vgextend bak /dev/sdf1
# lvresize –-size 5.999T /dev/shome/home (increase size)
# mount /dev/bak/backups /bak/backups
# xfs_growfs /bak/backups


ERROR/s Encountered

Error: SOLARIS box running slow

Resolution:
# mpstat 5 5 (check usr,sys usage)
# prstat -s cpu -n 5 (list by cpu usage and top 5 processes)
# prstat -s cpu -a -n 5 (list usage per user)


Error: Veritas config daemon vxconfigd not running

Resolution:
# modinfo|grep vx
If DMP is enabled the /etc/system will have the force load entries and the driver "vxdmp"
# grep vxdmp /etc/system
forceload: drv/vxdmp

# vxdctl mode
mode: enabled

Next, run vxinstall or do a vxconfigd -k -m enable

Error: Timed out while waiting for NIS to come up

Resolution:

- logon to console
- do a “send brk” to get to “ok prompt”
- boot to single user mode
Ok> boot –s
- temporarily disable RPC service or remove /etc/defaultdomain to prevent NIS from starting at system boot
# mv /etc/rc2.d/S71rpc /etc/rc2.d/NOS71rpc or
# rm /etc/defaultdomain
# or exit to continue booting to default runlevel




Error: “Umount: I/O error” or “umount: cannot unmount /mount_point”

Resolution:

# fuser –c /file_system
# kill -9 process_id (from the above fuser command)
# lsof +D /file_system
# umount –f /file_system
# mount | grep /file_sytem

Error: No directory – logged on with (/) directory

Resolution:

- restart autofs
# /etc/init.d/autofs stop; /etc/init.d/autofs start
- re-login


Error: Media Error (hard disk with bad sectors)

Resolution:

# format
- select the disk to read test
> anal (select analyze)
> read 

Go to ok prompt from ILOM of Sun T5120

Follow below procedure to get to "ok" prompt from ILOM.

1. ssh to ILOM hostname


2. From the ILOM prompt , type the below.

--> set /HOST send_break_action=break

--> start /SP/console to get to the ok prompt.


Manual system reset from the ILOM prompt.

--> set /HOST/bootmode script="setenv auto-boot? false"

--> reset /SYS